Wired and wirelesscommunication (transmission media)-(Assignment of computing)
Describe wired and wireless communication (transmission media)
Media used for communications:
guided and unguided
guided communication media includes :-Twisted pair ,fiber optic ,coaxial cabel
unguided media includes: antenna ,Broad cast radio
Communication media (also called transmission media or communication channels) may be wired or wireless.
Wired media include copper cables (e.g., twisted-pair copper wire cable - the "telephone cable", coaxial cable, UTP cable - the "LAN cable", etc.) and optical fiber cables (made of glass or plastic). Copper cables allow the propagation of electric signals (i.e., electric voltage or current pulses), whereas optical fiber cables allow the propagation of light pulses.
Wireless media include the free space, the ionsphere, etc. Wireless media allow the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The transmission/reception of electromagnetic waves requires the use of some wireless link (also called radio link, due to the fact that radio broadcast was one the first commercial wireless communication system in use), such as terrestrial microwave links, satellite links, etc.
Other types of channels include storage media (e.g., hard disks, cd, dvd, etc.) and underwater acoustic channels (which allow the propagation of sound waves).
Communication channels vary in capacity (i.e., the amount of information per time unit that can be carried in a reliable fashion), attenuation (i.e., reducing of transmitted signal's strength; attenuation increases with the channel length), distortion (i.e., alternation of signal's variation pattern, where is impressed the information), noise (i.e., random unwanted signals that corrupt the signal shape), etc.
Media used for communications:
- recorded media (books, newspapers, CD ROMS, memory sticks, etc) physically delivered from transmitter to receiver and decoded visually, mechanically, magnetically or electronically;
- air and other fluids (sound or pressure waves, light, IR, RF, often modulated)
- solids (mechanical motion or vibration, electrical signals, magnetic tapes and disks, visible light in glass)
- vacuum (RF, visible light)
guided and unguided
guided communication media includes :-Twisted pair ,fiber optic ,coaxial cabel
unguided media includes: antenna ,Broad cast radio
Communication media (also called transmission media or communication channels) may be wired or wireless.
Wired media include copper cables (e.g., twisted-pair copper wire cable - the "telephone cable", coaxial cable, UTP cable - the "LAN cable", etc.) and optical fiber cables (made of glass or plastic). Copper cables allow the propagation of electric signals (i.e., electric voltage or current pulses), whereas optical fiber cables allow the propagation of light pulses.
Wireless media include the free space, the ionsphere, etc. Wireless media allow the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The transmission/reception of electromagnetic waves requires the use of some wireless link (also called radio link, due to the fact that radio broadcast was one the first commercial wireless communication system in use), such as terrestrial microwave links, satellite links, etc.
Other types of channels include storage media (e.g., hard disks, cd, dvd, etc.) and underwater acoustic channels (which allow the propagation of sound waves).
Communication channels vary in capacity (i.e., the amount of information per time unit that can be carried in a reliable fashion), attenuation (i.e., reducing of transmitted signal's strength; attenuation increases with the channel length), distortion (i.e., alternation of signal's variation pattern, where is impressed the information), noise (i.e., random unwanted signals that corrupt the signal shape), etc.
Dell , Apple computers, Microsoft and Intel.(Assignment of computing)
Describe Dell , Apple Computers, Microsoft, and Intel ?
Dell
Dell traces its origins to 1984, when created PCs Limited while a student at the University of Texas an Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM-PC compatible computers built from stock components. Michael Dell started trading in the belief that by selling personal computer systems directly to customers, PCs Limited could better understand customers' needs and provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs. Michael Dell dropped out of school in order to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting about $300,000 in expansion-capital from his family.
In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design—the "Turbo PC", sold for US$795.PCs Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading.
The company changed its name to "Dell Computer Corporation" in 1988 and began expanding globally—first in Ireland. In June 1988, Dell's market capitalization grew by $30 million to $80 million from its June 22 initial public offering of 3.5 million shares at $8.50 a share.In 1992,Fortune magazines included Dell Computer Corporation in its list of the world's 500 largest companies, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company ever.
In 1996, Dell began selling computers via its web site, and in 2002, Dell expanded its product line to include televisions, handhelds, digital audio player, and printers. Dell's first acqsution occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies. In 2003, the company was rebranded as simply "Dell Inc." to recognize the company's expansion beyond computers. From 2004 to 2007, Michael Dell stepped aside as CEO, while long-time Dell employee Kevin Rollins took the helm. During that time, Dell acquired Alienware, which introduced several new items to Dell products, including AMD microprocessors. To prevent cross-market products, Dell continues to run Alienware as a separate entity but still a wholly owned subsidiary.
Lackluster performance, however, in its lower-end computer business prompted Michael Dell to take on the role of CEO again. The founder announced a change campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing headcount and diversifying the company's product offerings. The company acquired EqualLogic on January 28, 2008 to gain a foothold in the iSCSI storage market. Because Dell already had an efficient manufacturing process, integrating EqualLogic's products into the company drove manufacturing prices down.
On September 21, 2009, Dell announced its intent to acquire Perot System(based in Plano,Texas) in a reported $3.9 billion deal. Perot Systems brought applications development, systems integration, and strategic consulting services through its operations in the U.S. and 10 other countries. In addition, it provided a variety of business process outsourcing services, including claims processing and call center operations.
On August 16, 2010, Dell announced its intent to acquire the data storage company 3PAR. On September 2, 2010 Hewlett-Packard offered $33 a share, which Dell declined to match.
On November 2, 2010, Dell acquired Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) integration leader Boomi. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
Its Business/Corporate class represent brands where the company advertises emphasizes long life cycles, reliability, and serviceability. Such brands include:
Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL; NYSE: AAPL; previously Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational corporation that designs and marketsconsumers electronic, computer software, and personal computers. The company's best-known hardware products include the Macintosh line of computers, the iPod, iPhone and the iPad. Apple software includes the Mac OS X operating system; the iTunes media browser; the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software; the iWorksuite of productivity software; Aperture, a professional photography package; Final Cut studio, a suite of professional audio and film-industry software products; Logic Studio, a suite of music production tools; the Safari internet browser; and iOS, a mobile operating system. As of August 2010, the company operates 301 retail stores in ten countries,and an online stores where hardware and software products are sold.As of May 2011, Apple is one of thelargest companies in the world and the most valuable technology company in the world, having surpassed Microsoft.
Established on April 1, 1976 in cupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977, the company was previously named Apple Computer, Inc., for its first 30 years, but removed the word "Computer" on January 9, 2007, to reflect the company's ongoing expansion into the consumer electronic market in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers.As of September 2010, Apple had 46,600 full time employees and 2,800 temporary full time employees worldwide and had worldwide annual sales of $65.23 billion.
For reasons as various as its philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design to its distinctive advertising campaign, Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer electronics industry. This includes a customer base that is devoted to the company and its brand, particularly in the United States.Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world in 2008, 2009, and 2010.The company has also received widespread criticsm for its contractors' labor, environmental, and business practices.
Microsoft
Paul Allen and Bill Gates , childhood friends with a passion in computer programming, were seeking to make a successful business utilizing their shared skills. The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured Micro Instrumentation and Telementary system's (MITS) Altair 8800 microcomputer. Allen noticed that they could program a BASIC interpenter for the device; after a call from Gates claiming to have a working interpreter, MITS requested a demonstration. Since they didn't actually have one, Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter. Although they developed the interpreter on a simulator and not the actual device, the interpreter worked flawlessly when they demonstrated the interpreter to MITS in Albuqurqe, New Mexico in March 1975; MITS agreed to distribute it, marketing it as Altair BASIC. They officially established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as the CEO. Allen came up with the original name of "Micro-Soft," as recounted in a Fortune Magazines articles. In August 1977 the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office, "ASCII Microsoft" The company moved to a new home in Belleveu, Washington in January 1979.
Microsoft entered the OS business in 1980 with its own version of Unix called Xenix. However, it was DOS (Disk Operating System) that solidified the company's dominance. After negotiations with Digital Research failed, IBM awarded a contract to Microsoft in November 1980 to provide a version of the CP/MOS, which was set to be used in the upcoming IIBM Personal Computer(IBM PC). For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CP/M clone called 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, branding it as MS-DOS, which IBM rebranded to PC-DOS. Following the release of the IBM PC in August 1981, Microsoft retained ownership of MS-DOS. Since IBM copyrighted the IBM PC BIOS, other companies had to reverse engineer it in order for non-IBM hardware to run as IBM PC compatibles, but no such restriction applied to the operating systems. Due to various factors, such as MS-DOS's available software selection, Microsoft eventually became the leading PC OS vendor. The company expanded into new markets with the release of the Microsoft Mouse in 1983, as well as a publishing division named Microsoft Press.Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in February after developing Hodking's disease.
The company's Client division produces the flagship Windows OS line such as Windows 7; it also produces the Windows Live family of products and services. Server and Tools produces the server versions of Windows, such as Windows Server 2008 R2 as well as a set of development tools called Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft Silverlight, a web application framework, andSystems Management Server, a collection of tools providing remote-control abilities, patch management, software distribution and a hardware/software inventory. Other server products include: Microsoft SQL Server, a relational database management system, Microsoft Exchange Server, for certain business-oriented e-mail and scheduling features, Small Business Server, for messaging and other small business-oriented features; and Microsoft BizTalk Server, forbusiness process management.
Microsoft provides IT consulting ("Microsoft Consulting Services") and produces a set of certification programs handled by the Server and Tools division designed to recognize individuals who have a minimal set of proficiencies in a specific role; this includes developers ("Microsoft Certified Solution Developer"), system/network analysts ("Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer"), trainers ("Microsoft Certified Trainers") and administrators ("Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator" and "Microsoft Certified Database Administrator"). Microsoft Press, which publishes books, is also managed by the division. The Online Services Business division handles the online service MSN and the search engine Bing. As of December 2009, the company also possesses an 18% ownership of the cable news channel MSNBC without any editorial control; however, the division develops the channel's website, msnbc.com, in a joint venture with the channel's co-owner, NBC Universal.
INTEL
Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC) is an American global technology company and the world's largest semiconductors chip maker, based on revenue. It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most PERSONAL COMPUTER. Intel was founded on July 18, 1968, as Integrated Electronics Corporation (though a common misconception is that "Intel" is from the word intelligence) and is based in Santa Clara, California, USA. Intel also makesmotherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory,graphic chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. Founded by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove, Intel combines advanced chip design capability with a leading-edge manufacturing capability. Though Intel was originally known primarily to engineers and technologists, its "Intel Inside" advertising campaign of the 1990s made it and its Pentiumprocessor household names.
Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, and this represented the majority of its business until 1981. While Intel created the first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer(PC) that this became its primary bussiness. During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs, and was known for aggressive and sometimes illegal tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against AMD, as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the direction of the PC industry.The 2010 rankings of the world's 100 most powerful brands published by Millward Brown Optimor showed the company's brand value at number 48.
Intel has also begun research in electrical transmission and generation. Intel has recently introduced a 3-D transistor that may improve performance and energy efficiency.
Dell
Dell traces its origins to 1984, when created PCs Limited while a student at the University of Texas an Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM-PC compatible computers built from stock components. Michael Dell started trading in the belief that by selling personal computer systems directly to customers, PCs Limited could better understand customers' needs and provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs. Michael Dell dropped out of school in order to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting about $300,000 in expansion-capital from his family.
In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design—the "Turbo PC", sold for US$795.PCs Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading.
The company changed its name to "Dell Computer Corporation" in 1988 and began expanding globally—first in Ireland. In June 1988, Dell's market capitalization grew by $30 million to $80 million from its June 22 initial public offering of 3.5 million shares at $8.50 a share.In 1992,Fortune magazines included Dell Computer Corporation in its list of the world's 500 largest companies, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company ever.
In 1996, Dell began selling computers via its web site, and in 2002, Dell expanded its product line to include televisions, handhelds, digital audio player, and printers. Dell's first acqsution occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies. In 2003, the company was rebranded as simply "Dell Inc." to recognize the company's expansion beyond computers. From 2004 to 2007, Michael Dell stepped aside as CEO, while long-time Dell employee Kevin Rollins took the helm. During that time, Dell acquired Alienware, which introduced several new items to Dell products, including AMD microprocessors. To prevent cross-market products, Dell continues to run Alienware as a separate entity but still a wholly owned subsidiary.
Lackluster performance, however, in its lower-end computer business prompted Michael Dell to take on the role of CEO again. The founder announced a change campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing headcount and diversifying the company's product offerings. The company acquired EqualLogic on January 28, 2008 to gain a foothold in the iSCSI storage market. Because Dell already had an efficient manufacturing process, integrating EqualLogic's products into the company drove manufacturing prices down.
On September 21, 2009, Dell announced its intent to acquire Perot System(based in Plano,Texas) in a reported $3.9 billion deal. Perot Systems brought applications development, systems integration, and strategic consulting services through its operations in the U.S. and 10 other countries. In addition, it provided a variety of business process outsourcing services, including claims processing and call center operations.
On August 16, 2010, Dell announced its intent to acquire the data storage company 3PAR. On September 2, 2010 Hewlett-Packard offered $33 a share, which Dell declined to match.
On November 2, 2010, Dell acquired Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) integration leader Boomi. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
Its Business/Corporate class represent brands where the company advertises emphasizes long life cycles, reliability, and serviceability. Such brands include:
- OptiPlex (office desktop computer systems)
- Vostro(office/small business desktop and notebook systems)
- n Series (desktop and notebook computers shipped with Linux or FreeDOS installed)
- latitude (business-focused notebooks)
- Precision (workstation systems and high-performance notebooks),
- PowerEdge (business servers)
- PowerVault (direct-attach and network-attached storage)
- PowerConnect (network switches)
- Dell/EMC (storage area network)
- EqualLogic (enterprise classic iSCSI SANs)
- Inspiron (budget desktop and notebook computers)
- Studio (mainstream desktop and laptop computers)
- XPS (high-end desktop and notebook computers)
- Studio XPS (high-end design-focus of XPS systems and extreme multimedia capability)
- Alienware (high-performance gaming systems)
- Adamo (high-end luxury laptop)
- Dell EMR (electronic medical records)
Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL; NYSE: AAPL; previously Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational corporation that designs and marketsconsumers electronic, computer software, and personal computers. The company's best-known hardware products include the Macintosh line of computers, the iPod, iPhone and the iPad. Apple software includes the Mac OS X operating system; the iTunes media browser; the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software; the iWorksuite of productivity software; Aperture, a professional photography package; Final Cut studio, a suite of professional audio and film-industry software products; Logic Studio, a suite of music production tools; the Safari internet browser; and iOS, a mobile operating system. As of August 2010, the company operates 301 retail stores in ten countries,and an online stores where hardware and software products are sold.As of May 2011, Apple is one of thelargest companies in the world and the most valuable technology company in the world, having surpassed Microsoft.
Established on April 1, 1976 in cupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977, the company was previously named Apple Computer, Inc., for its first 30 years, but removed the word "Computer" on January 9, 2007, to reflect the company's ongoing expansion into the consumer electronic market in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers.As of September 2010, Apple had 46,600 full time employees and 2,800 temporary full time employees worldwide and had worldwide annual sales of $65.23 billion.
For reasons as various as its philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design to its distinctive advertising campaign, Apple has established a unique reputation in the consumer electronics industry. This includes a customer base that is devoted to the company and its brand, particularly in the United States.Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world in 2008, 2009, and 2010.The company has also received widespread criticsm for its contractors' labor, environmental, and business practices.
Microsoft
Paul Allen and Bill Gates , childhood friends with a passion in computer programming, were seeking to make a successful business utilizing their shared skills. The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured Micro Instrumentation and Telementary system's (MITS) Altair 8800 microcomputer. Allen noticed that they could program a BASIC interpenter for the device; after a call from Gates claiming to have a working interpreter, MITS requested a demonstration. Since they didn't actually have one, Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter. Although they developed the interpreter on a simulator and not the actual device, the interpreter worked flawlessly when they demonstrated the interpreter to MITS in Albuqurqe, New Mexico in March 1975; MITS agreed to distribute it, marketing it as Altair BASIC. They officially established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as the CEO. Allen came up with the original name of "Micro-Soft," as recounted in a Fortune Magazines articles. In August 1977 the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office, "ASCII Microsoft" The company moved to a new home in Belleveu, Washington in January 1979.
Microsoft entered the OS business in 1980 with its own version of Unix called Xenix. However, it was DOS (Disk Operating System) that solidified the company's dominance. After negotiations with Digital Research failed, IBM awarded a contract to Microsoft in November 1980 to provide a version of the CP/MOS, which was set to be used in the upcoming IIBM Personal Computer(IBM PC). For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CP/M clone called 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products, branding it as MS-DOS, which IBM rebranded to PC-DOS. Following the release of the IBM PC in August 1981, Microsoft retained ownership of MS-DOS. Since IBM copyrighted the IBM PC BIOS, other companies had to reverse engineer it in order for non-IBM hardware to run as IBM PC compatibles, but no such restriction applied to the operating systems. Due to various factors, such as MS-DOS's available software selection, Microsoft eventually became the leading PC OS vendor. The company expanded into new markets with the release of the Microsoft Mouse in 1983, as well as a publishing division named Microsoft Press.Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in February after developing Hodking's disease.
The company's Client division produces the flagship Windows OS line such as Windows 7; it also produces the Windows Live family of products and services. Server and Tools produces the server versions of Windows, such as Windows Server 2008 R2 as well as a set of development tools called Microsoft Visual Studio, Microsoft Silverlight, a web application framework, andSystems Management Server, a collection of tools providing remote-control abilities, patch management, software distribution and a hardware/software inventory. Other server products include: Microsoft SQL Server, a relational database management system, Microsoft Exchange Server, for certain business-oriented e-mail and scheduling features, Small Business Server, for messaging and other small business-oriented features; and Microsoft BizTalk Server, forbusiness process management.
Microsoft provides IT consulting ("Microsoft Consulting Services") and produces a set of certification programs handled by the Server and Tools division designed to recognize individuals who have a minimal set of proficiencies in a specific role; this includes developers ("Microsoft Certified Solution Developer"), system/network analysts ("Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer"), trainers ("Microsoft Certified Trainers") and administrators ("Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator" and "Microsoft Certified Database Administrator"). Microsoft Press, which publishes books, is also managed by the division. The Online Services Business division handles the online service MSN and the search engine Bing. As of December 2009, the company also possesses an 18% ownership of the cable news channel MSNBC without any editorial control; however, the division develops the channel's website, msnbc.com, in a joint venture with the channel's co-owner, NBC Universal.
INTEL
Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC) is an American global technology company and the world's largest semiconductors chip maker, based on revenue. It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most PERSONAL COMPUTER. Intel was founded on July 18, 1968, as Integrated Electronics Corporation (though a common misconception is that "Intel" is from the word intelligence) and is based in Santa Clara, California, USA. Intel also makesmotherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory,graphic chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. Founded by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore and widely associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove, Intel combines advanced chip design capability with a leading-edge manufacturing capability. Though Intel was originally known primarily to engineers and technologists, its "Intel Inside" advertising campaign of the 1990s made it and its Pentiumprocessor household names.
Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips, and this represented the majority of its business until 1981. While Intel created the first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer(PC) that this became its primary bussiness. During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the computer industry. During this period Intel became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs, and was known for aggressive and sometimes illegal tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against AMD, as well as a struggle with Microsoft for control over the direction of the PC industry.The 2010 rankings of the world's 100 most powerful brands published by Millward Brown Optimor showed the company's brand value at number 48.
Intel has also begun research in electrical transmission and generation. Intel has recently introduced a 3-D transistor that may improve performance and energy efficiency.
Tim Berners Lee(www.creator), Mark Dean (IBM inventor), Douglas Engelbart (creator of the mouse) and Linus Torvalds (Linux creator)- (Assignment of computing)
Who is Tim Berners Lee(www.creator), Mark Dean (IBM inventor), Douglas Engelbart (creator of the mouse) and Linus Torvalds (Linux creator)
www.creator
While being an independent contractor at CERN from June to December 1980, Berners-Lee proposed a project based on the concept of hypertext, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers.While there, he built a prototype system named ENQUIRE.
After leaving CERN in 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems, Ltd, in Bournemouth, England. The project he worked on was a real-time remote procedure call where he learned the network background.In 1984 he returned to CERN as a fellow.
In 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to theTransmission Control Protocol and domain name system ideas and—ta-da! — the World Wide Web." He wrote his initial proposal in March 1989, and in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau, produced a revision which was accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall. He used similar ideas to those underlying the ENQUIRE system to create the World Wide Web, for which he designed and built the first Web browser, which also functioned as an editor (WorldWideWeb, running on theNeXTSTEP operating system), and the first Web server, CERN HTTPd (short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol daemon). The first web site built was at CERN, and was first put on line on 6 August 1991.
In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the W3C at MIT. It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The World Wide Web Consortium decided that its standards should be based on royalty-free technology, so that they could easily be adopted by anyone.
In 2001, Berners-Lee became a patron of the East Dorset Heritage Trust, having previously lived in Colehill in Wimborne, East Dorset, England.
In December 2004, he accepted a chair in Computer Science at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, England, to work on his new project, theSemantic Web.
IBM inventor
Mark E. Dean (born 2 March 1957) is an inventor and a computer scientist. He led the team that developed the ISA bus, and he led the design team responsible for creating the first one-gigahertz computer processor chip. He holds three of IBM's original nine PC patents.
Born in Jefferson City, Tennessee, Dean holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee, a master's degree in electrical engineering from Florida Atlantic University and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University.
Dean is the first African-American to become an IBM Fellow which is the highest level of technical excellence at the company. In 1997, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Currently, he is an IBM Vice President overseeing the company's Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California.
Dean now holds more than 20 patents.
Dean led a team that developed the interior architecture (ISA systems bus) that enables multiple devices, such as modems and printers, to be connected to personal computers.
Dean made history again by leading the design team responsible for creating the first 1-gigahertz RISC processor chip, another significant step in making computers faster and smaller
creator of the mouse
Doug Engelbart's career was inspired in 1951 when he got engaged and suddenly realized he had no career goals beyond getting a good education and a decent job. Over several months he reasoned that:
He enrolled in graduate school in electrical engineering at University of California, Berkeley, graduating with an MS degree in 1953, and a Ph.D. in 1955.As a graduate student at Berkeley he assisted in the construction of the California Digital Computer project CALDIC. His graduate work led to several patents.After completing his PhD he stayed on at Berkeley as assistant professor to teach for a year, and left when it was clear he could not pursue his vision there. He then formed a startup, Digital Techniques, to commercialize some of his doctorate research on storage devices, but after a year decided instead to pursue the research he had been dreaming of since 1951. He took a position at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in Menlo Park, in 1957. He initially worked for Hewitt Crane on magnetic devices and miniaturization of electronics; Engelbart and Crane became lifelong friends.
Linux creator
born December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnishsoftware engineer and hacker, best known for having initiated the development of the Linux kernel. He later became the chief architect of the Linux kernel, and now acts as the project's coordinator. He also created therevision control system Git.
As of 2006, approximately two percent of the Linux kernel was written by Torvalds himself.As thousands have contributed code to the Linux kernel, such a percentage represents one of the largest personal contributions to the overall amount of code. Torvalds remains the ultimate authority on what new code is incorporated into the standard Linux kernel.
Torvalds owns the "Linux" trademark, and monitors use of it chiefly through the Linux Mark Institute.
www.creator
Tim Berners Lee
After leaving CERN in 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems, Ltd, in Bournemouth, England. The project he worked on was a real-time remote procedure call where he learned the network background.In 1984 he returned to CERN as a fellow.
In 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to theTransmission Control Protocol and domain name system ideas and—ta-da! — the World Wide Web." He wrote his initial proposal in March 1989, and in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau, produced a revision which was accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall. He used similar ideas to those underlying the ENQUIRE system to create the World Wide Web, for which he designed and built the first Web browser, which also functioned as an editor (WorldWideWeb, running on theNeXTSTEP operating system), and the first Web server, CERN HTTPd (short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol daemon). The first web site built was at CERN, and was first put on line on 6 August 1991.
"Info.cern.ch was the address of the world's first-ever web site and web server, running on a NeXT computer at CERN. The first web page address washttp://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html, which centred on information regarding the WWW project. Visitors could learn more about hypertext, technical details for creating their own webpage, and even an explanation on how to search the Web for information. There are no screenshots of this original page and, in any case, changes were made daily to the information available on the page as the WWW project developed. You may find a later copy (1992) on the World Wide Web Consortium website." -CERNIt provided an explanation of what the World Wide Web was, and how one could use a browser and set up a web server.
In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the W3C at MIT. It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The World Wide Web Consortium decided that its standards should be based on royalty-free technology, so that they could easily be adopted by anyone.
In 2001, Berners-Lee became a patron of the East Dorset Heritage Trust, having previously lived in Colehill in Wimborne, East Dorset, England.
In December 2004, he accepted a chair in Computer Science at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, England, to work on his new project, theSemantic Web.
IBM inventor
Mark E. Dean (born 2 March 1957) is an inventor and a computer scientist. He led the team that developed the ISA bus, and he led the design team responsible for creating the first one-gigahertz computer processor chip. He holds three of IBM's original nine PC patents.
Born in Jefferson City, Tennessee, Dean holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee, a master's degree in electrical engineering from Florida Atlantic University and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University.
Dean is the first African-American to become an IBM Fellow which is the highest level of technical excellence at the company. In 1997, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Currently, he is an IBM Vice President overseeing the company's Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California.
Dean now holds more than 20 patents.
Dean led a team that developed the interior architecture (ISA systems bus) that enables multiple devices, such as modems and printers, to be connected to personal computers.
Dean made history again by leading the design team responsible for creating the first 1-gigahertz RISC processor chip, another significant step in making computers faster and smaller
creator of the mouse
Douglas Engelbart
- he would focus his career on making the world a better place;
- any serious effort to make the world better requires some kind of organized effort;
- harnessing the collective human intellect of all the people contributing to effective solutions was the key;
- if you could dramatically improve how we do that, you'd be boosting every effort on the planet to solve important problems - the sooner the better; and
- computers could be the vehicle for dramatically improving this capability.
He enrolled in graduate school in electrical engineering at University of California, Berkeley, graduating with an MS degree in 1953, and a Ph.D. in 1955.As a graduate student at Berkeley he assisted in the construction of the California Digital Computer project CALDIC. His graduate work led to several patents.After completing his PhD he stayed on at Berkeley as assistant professor to teach for a year, and left when it was clear he could not pursue his vision there. He then formed a startup, Digital Techniques, to commercialize some of his doctorate research on storage devices, but after a year decided instead to pursue the research he had been dreaming of since 1951. He took a position at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in Menlo Park, in 1957. He initially worked for Hewitt Crane on magnetic devices and miniaturization of electronics; Engelbart and Crane became lifelong friends.
first computer mouse by Engelbart
Linux creator
Linus Torvalds
born December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnishsoftware engineer and hacker, best known for having initiated the development of the Linux kernel. He later became the chief architect of the Linux kernel, and now acts as the project's coordinator. He also created therevision control system Git.
As of 2006, approximately two percent of the Linux kernel was written by Torvalds himself.As thousands have contributed code to the Linux kernel, such a percentage represents one of the largest personal contributions to the overall amount of code. Torvalds remains the ultimate authority on what new code is incorporated into the standard Linux kernel.
Torvalds owns the "Linux" trademark, and monitors use of it chiefly through the Linux Mark Institute.
